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The Venda language arose from interactions with Sotho-Tswana and Kalanga initiates during the 15th century in Zimbabwe. The Mapungubwe Kingdom stretched from the Soutpansberg in the south, across the Limpopo River to the Matopos in the north. The Kingdom declined from , and power moved north to the Great Zimbabwe Kingdom.

The Mapungubwe Collection is a museum collection of artefacts found at the archaeological site and is housed in the Mapungubwe Museum in Pretoria. Venda people share ancestry with Lobedu people and Kalanga people. All these tribes were under the Venda kingdom.

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Vhangona are the original inhabitants of Venda, they are also referred as Vhongwani wapo; while Masingo and others are originally from central Africa and the East African Rift , migrating across the Limpopo river during the Bantu expansion , Venda people originated from central and east Africa, just like the other South African tribes. The Vhangona and Vhambedzi are considered to be the original inhabitants of Venda and the first people to live there.

Masingo and Vhalaudzi are late arrivals in Venda. Mapungubwe was the center of a kingdom with about 5, people living at its center. Mapungubwe as a trade center lasted between and AD. The people of Mapungubwe mined and smelted copper, iron and gold, spun cotton, made glass and ceramics, grew millet and sorghum, and tended cattle, goats and sheep.

The people of Mapungubwe had a sophisticated knowledge of the stars, and astronomy played a major role not only in their tradition and culture, but also in their day-to-day lives. Mapungubwe predates the settlements at Great Zimbabwe , Thulamela and Dzata. It is believed that people left Mapungubwe for Great Zimbabwe because Great Zimbabwe was judged to have a more suitable climate.